Bachelor of Arts in Economics

at York University - School of Continuing Studies Canada

Study in one of the largest Geography programs in any university in Canada. Whether you're pursuing your Bachelor of Science and focusing on physical geography or gaining expertise about human geography through a Bachelor of Arts, York's program offers you the world at your doorstep.

Geography is the science of place and space. Geographers ask where things are located on the surface of the earth, why they are located where they are, how places differ from one another, and how people interact with the environment. There are two main branches of geography: human geography and physical geography.

Geographers also study the linkages between human activity and natural systems. Geographers were, in fact, among the first scientists to sound the alarm that human-induced changes to the environment were beginning to threaten the balance of life itself. They are active in the study of global warming, desertification, deforestation, loss of biodiversity, groundwater pollution, and flooding.

In the Faculty of Science, the Bachelor of Science (BSc) degree emphasizes physical geography, which examines the physical, chemical and biological processes that occur in the immediate vicinity of the Earth's surface. Physical geographers study patterns of climates, land forms, vegetation, soils, and water. They forecast the weather, manage land and water resources, and analyze and plan for forests, rangelands, and wetlands. Many human and physical geographers have skills in cartography and geographic information systems. Field work is also emphasized, including outdoor laboratory sessions, field trips and periodic field courses in Southern Ontario as well as to remote and exotic regions.

York developed the full-time second-entry BScN program in response to an increasing demand for nursing programs which build on prior university learning. It is available to students who have completed a minimum of 60 credits towards any university degree and who meet the program prerequisites. By studying in the concentrated and continuous six semester program, students can complete their BScN in two calendar years. 

As with other programs in the School of Nursing, the second-entry program reflects a unique teaching approach that focuses on cultivating human relationships. This patient-centred approach answers a growing demand for health care services and practitioners that respect patients' values and choices about health and quality of life. It recognizes that every patient has a personal story. We encourage you to question and critical think about conventional assumptions and practices and help you gain the insights and skills that will prepare you to contribute to the evolution of health care in Canada.

Students complete the full time program in two calendar years and will graduate in the fall after the second summer semester. This is a full time program and there is no part time option available.

First year
Students begin with studies in the areas of wellness and health challenges, assessment skills, professional development and issues, knowledge of nursing, thinking, communicating and relating in the context of nursing, applied pathophysiology, and ethical ways of knowing. In addition, students will also complete courses in biochemistry and pharmacology.

Clinical practice in the first year will help students develop their practical skills throughout the continuum of health experiences that persons may face. They then continue on to examining and enacting client-centred care within the context of caring for individuals and families in their homes and rehabilitative settings Last, students will engage in praxis in complex care settings as persons and families deal with acute and chronic health challenges.

Second year
Students will begin to explore additional layers of complexity in nursing practice with courses focusing on nursing research and inquiry, advanced professional issues, nursing in a global context and nurses as leaders of change.

Clinical praxis will focus on partnering with and integrating client-centredness in community settings. Student will continue with the exploration of nursing in the context of human vulnerability and diversity. In preparation for independent practice after graduating, students will undertake 12 continuous weeks of clinical practice that offers them the opportunity to integrate learning from all nursing courses and engage in deliberate praxis.

Gain an in-depth understanding of the impact of business on society and the relations between business, social structures and government - crucial factors in understanding the social environment of business.

Choose from an array of courses within 10 streams of study.
Choose from a dynamic array of courses that explore the political, social and cultural context of business, both in Canada and around the world, including:

• Economics
• Political science
• Law and governance
• Communications
• Business ethics

If you'd like to further specialize your studies, you may wish to pursue a certificate while working on your degree. Certificate programs offer additional background in areas such as management, finance, marketing and organizational behaviour.
Thanks to the flexibility of the program, you'll be prepared to work in public service, corporate business, community and international development, teaching, marketing, human resources, public relations, finance and labour relations.
Gain the knowledge to help you account for, evaluate and transform the various ways that business influences society and society influences business.

As 21st century medicine and health care becomes increasingly sophisticated, the demand grows for highly skilled people with a biomedical science background.

Biomedical scientists study biological processes and diseases with the ultimate goal of developing effective treatments and cures. Biomedical research requires careful experimentation by many scientists, including biologists and chemists. Discovery of new medicines and therapies requires careful scientific experimentation, development, and evaluation.

York's Biomedical Science program provides a comprehensive curriculum taught by the leading researchers in the field, including Samuel Benchimol, Canada Research Chair in Biomedical Health Research. The Biomedical Science program focuses emerging areas of biomedicine including physiology, microbiology, immunology, endocrinology, molecular genetics, and development.

This four-year Honours program also allows you the option to do a minor in another related discipline such as Chemistry, Psychology, or Kinesiology & Health Science.

The Biomedical Science stream is designed to help you:

• understand and explain the basic structures and fundamental processes of life at the molecular, cellular and population levels;
• effectively apply the scientific method for problem solving and experimental design;
• collect, organize, analyze, interpret and present quantitative and qualitative data;
• identify and describe current issues and challenges within the field of biomedical science;
• demonstrate and apply fundamental biological laboratory techniques and skills; and
• communicate effectively in written and oral forms.

The program will be particularly valuable if you're planning a career in biomedical research, and will also be a good choice if you're preparing for medical school.

The School of Gender, Sexuality and Women's Studies offers a consolidated undergraduate program which brings together the Women's Studies programs from the Faculty Liberal Arts & Professional Studies and Glendon Campus. This merged undergraduate program provides students with increased flexibility and access to a wide variety of Gender & Women's Studies courses.

Explore the diversity of women's experience in the present and past through courses that examine how race, ethnicity, disability, class and sexual orientation have shaped women’s lives. Through cross-cultural and disciplinary assessment, you’ll expose misconceptions about women expressed through myth, ideologies, teaching and writings. Our impressive community of professors conducts research that spans many fields including the humanities and social sciences, law, business, fine arts and environmental studies.

Gender & Women's Studies examines issues pertinent to women’s lives in the present and the past from an economic, political, social, and cultural perspective, with particular attention to how race, ethnicity, class, and sexual orientation have defined their experiences. In fact, every experience can be examined from these angles, and our interdisciplinary approach will allow you to do just that as you complete your degree.

• We offer academic Bridging Courses for women who want to upgrade their writing and speaking skills and explore the possibility of university study.
• Our program places a particular emphasis on international issues. Study with top-notch professors like Gertrude Mianda, a specialist in women and development, globalization, and African immigrant women in Canada. Bettina Bradbury is renowned for her work in the history of women in Quebec and recipient of the John A. Macdonald Prize for her book on Canadian history. Jacinthe Michaud is a specialist in social movements and the feminist movement. Any François is currently working on the promotion of equality and social justice in contemporary societies through the development of global antidiscriminatory strategies.
• Take classes at either one of our campuses – Glendon or Keele.
• Outside the classroom, you can participate in the activities of our on-campus Women’s Centre.

Gender & Women's Studies undertakes a critical evaluation of gender, and challenges many traditional assumptions and theories that previously excluded women. To do so, this program:

• Examines how gender is expressed in the attitudes and institutions of various societies in different historical periods;
• Explores the possible origins of gender differentiation;
• Questions how gender expectations mould the development of women and men;
• Studies the ways in which gender interacts with other social institutions and practices.

The Cinema and Media Arts Program in the School of the Arts, Media, Performance & Design is a unique interdisciplinary program combining traditional scholarship with extensive opportunities for engaged, hands-on learning in the field of Cinema and Media Arts.

The Cinema and Media Studies Program focuses on history, theory, criticism, curation, and producing of cinema and other media-rich arts, such as gaming and social media forms. Students learn to understand film, television and other moving images in relation to history, criticism, technology and aesthetics. They encounter a diverse world of cinema and media and learn vital skills that will help them become leaders in our future world – a world that is increasingly interconnected through modes of communication and interaction that relay cinematic and moving images.

Through coursework students will develop specialized knowledge and critical understanding of multiple fields of cinema and media studies including genre, authorship, national and transnational cinemas, technologies of the image, and cultural theory. Students wishing to pursue careers in the cultural industries will have the opportunity for engaged learning in the areas of producing, marketing, the business of film, curating, and festival programming. In addition to practice-based workshops and specialized assignments, students can expect opportunities for placements and internships with a broad array of organizations, such as local film and media festivals such as TIFF and Images Festival, independent distribution companies, the National Film Board of Canada, the Ontario Art Gallery, film magazines and journals, independent production companies, archives, and many more.

Global health challenges, such as chronic and communicable diseases, do not recognize borders. The health of the world’s population is intertwined with broader issues, including wealth disparity, environmental degradation, government policy and human rights. York’s Global Health degree examines these and other issues to prepare students for careers in global health locally, nationally and internationally.

All students, whether in the BA or BSc options, are exposed to the major issues that are at the forefront of global health through core courses, including:

• Global Health Governance and Leadership
• Global Health Policy, Power and Politics
• Health and Human Rights
• Determinants of Health: Local to Global
• Chronic Diseases and Care
• Communicable Diseases and Care
• Healthcare Planning for Communities
• Healthcare Ethics

Courses cover global health concerns including communicable diseases (such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, ebola, and malaria), chronic diseases (such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer), age-related illnesses (such as dementia and Alzheimer’s disease), maternal and child health, mental illness, and the health consequences of trauma, violence, war and displacement. The global health program also focuses on the organization, financing and management of health service systems.

With its unique interdisciplinary approach that bridges studio production, art history and curatorial practice, AMPD's Department of Visual Art & Art History offers students the opportunity to become well-rounded professionals in the field, able to lead in the creation, exhibition, critical understanding and communcation of visual culture in diverse environments.

The Honours BA in Art History emphasizes the relationship between visual art and its social contexts, including global cultural exchange. The curriculm focusses on modern and contemporary art, indigenous and settler art of the Americas, Asian art, western art and architecture, art criticism and curatorial studies. Students have hands-on access to original works of art to explore prectical applications of museum and gallery studies.

In today’s media-centric and technologically saturated environment, knowledge of communication is essential for both professional and everyday life. We teach students to question, analyze and creatively reflect on the wide range of media systems and communication technologies that permeate our lives.

This includes:

• How communication processes and information technologies can be used to profoundly shape and transform societies, from strengthening local communities to establishing global networks.
• How culture and media are intrinsically intertwined, from the expression of identities and social relations to the circulation of ideas and the shaping of social and political values.
• How struggles to create, define and regulate public, not-for-profit and for-profit communication systems are implicated in broader issues around citizenship, corporate power, and public accountability.

We offer an interdisciplinary and innovative approach to teaching and learning, and we provide a comprehensive curriculum that encompasses theoretical, applied and experiential learning. Our students become critical, independent, and creative thinkers able to engage with the various dimensions and complexities of communication, whether this involves creating or evaluating media content and information technologies, or addressing significant issues arising out of their production and use. Our graduates work in the communication and cultural industries sector, in the not-for-profit and advocacy sector, and in the public sector. 

Think about downloading music or popping a disc into your MP3 player. Imagine how tedious it would be if the data-download took 10 minutes! The specialized hardware and software must produce instantaneous results and for that you need lightening-fast algorithms — designed by computational mathematicians — to perform the task.

Computational Math uses computers to solve mathematical and scientific problems — deciphering the fundamental problems in science and engineering with potentially broad social, political and scientific impact. For example, computers can perform only the simple arithmetic processes: add/subtract, multiply/divide.

To solve complex, real-world problems, computational mathematicians focus on developing algorithms to perform more complicated math — differentiation, integration etc. Computational mathematicians are also concerned with simulating a physical process — such as genome sequencing — to validate theories beyond the laboratory.

York's program in Computational Math combines the study of math, computer science and specialized computer applications. It's a more specialized program in computation than Applied Math.

You will choose from three areas of concentration:

Applied & Industrial Math involves traditional applications of math to science and engineering.
Financial Math is geared to the need of the financial and banking sectors.